Every year, up to 10 kg per capita of toilet paper is wasted in the sewage and then metabolised in the activated sludge process, contributing to the increase of energy consumption and sludge disposal in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Despite their added value, cellulose fibers contained in toilet paper are an untapped resource, which might be efficiently recovered from the sieving of municipal wastewater and biologically converted into platform chemicals (volatile fatty acids), biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates) and ingredients for animal feed (single cell proteins).
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WP4
Project Management and DisseminationWP1
Characterization of Cellulosic Primary Sludge (CPS) and assessment of pretreatment methodsWP2
Control and optimization of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) production from CPS, including extraction and purificationWP3
Assessment of microbial communities via metagenomic analyses and evaluation of PHAs biomass for aquacultureREFRAME IMPACT
Application and exploitation of the innovation
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When toilet paper enters our wastewater, it reaches wastewater treatment facilities. While toilet paper is biodegradable, it undergoes a more…
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Reframe is the new scientific project funded by the European Union and led by the University of Verona, which transforms waste into resources
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